In recent months they appeared to some reports, about the creation of artificial human organs from stem cells. Do we have a lot to see and operate artificial organs routinely? In about 10 years, we could take them to work effectively in humans.
tissue transplantation is a way to restore organ function by replacing the damaged organ with a new, from a donor.
However, the task is not simple as transferring biological material from one individual to another, we risk they are not compatible and generates a rejection. There is also a big problem, because the potential number of organ donors is very low and could only be used on certain occasions.
Due to this, in recent years are emerging revolutionary techniques in the field of biomedicine, such as the creation of in vitro organs for transplantation in vivo by the construction of these organs with stem cells Live grown in a natural or artificial matrix on a scaffold (the pillars of the body) of collagen fibers.
For an easy understanding of what the technical we can say that the decellularization is the removal of cells from an organ from a deceased individual, leaving only the "scaffolding" of internal tissues, so that this structure is being repopulated with cells from the patient until a suitable organ created in a laboratory.
The procedure continues with a busy and rupture of cell membranes, treating the isolated tissue with a fluid for washing the cellular material, leaving only the extracellular matrix and then start to repopulate the body, while keeping the body in a fluid that mimics the patient's condition.
Harald C Ott, Thomas S Matthiesen, Saik-Kia Goh, Lauren D Black, Stefan M Kren, Theoden I Netoff & Doris A Taylor. Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart . Nature Medicine 14, 213 to 221 (2008). Published online: 13 January 2008 transplants, time is something that would be science fiction.)
Where are we? We are still
something green to be able to regenerate tissues of nowhere, but we are certainly making many important achievements.
In 2006, the expert in tissue engineering, Anthony Atala, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest , introduced an artificial bladder, and that it had in 7 patients. To
bladder cells were removed from patients were cultured and modified in order to regenerate the tissue and then return it to the patient once had " crecido el órgano en el laboratorio".
Todo esto, nos evita usar tejido intestinal en la vejiga, algo que va continuar segregando productos como haría en el intestino y que nos causaría problemas en la vejiga. De la misma forma, en Junio pasado se conoció que se había logrado un hígado y un corazón artificial en ratones con un notable éxito. En el tejido se logró construirlo debido al injertando de células hepáticas sanas en la estructura de un hígado dañado, algo que parece sencillo, pero es muy complejo debido a las funciones metabólicas que tiene dicho órgano.
Evolución del hígado creado.
To overcome this barrier, the researchers took the liver of a laboratory mouse and cleaned, ie, extracted all liver cells, leaving only a translucent structure, composed of collagen fibers and blood vessels. This was used as a scaffold to order the liver cells are manufactured and three-dimensional shape to organ. Korkut Uygun, lead author of the research, told La Tercera that this procedure is not used stem cells, but adult liver cells taken from other mice. In total, 200 million hepatocytes were used as real bricks build the new liver.
Once the researchers had a liver synthetic with the appearance and functions of a natural, proceeded to test their performance. For this, we implanted in another laboratory mouse.
The organ was not rejected in mice and, moreover, managed to operate for eight hours inside your body. Then scientists did work 24 hours out to study their behavior.
The Third
Harald C Ott, Thomas S Matthiesen, Saik-Kia Goh, Lauren D Black, Stefan M Kren, Theoden I Netoff & Doris A Taylor.
Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart . Nature Medicine 14, 213 to 221 (2008). Published online: 13 January 2008 last organs has been known that he had been rehabilitated, has been a kidney
, using similar techniques described above. 
When will this technology work in humans? According to Jamie Davies, a professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, in about 10 years, were having a technology ready for common use in the case of kidneys or hearts
in
, according to Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Chief of Cardiology Service of Gregorio Marañón and will be one of the leaders of the world's first laboratory in the creation of bodies bioartificial, which will be in Madrid. 
When will this technology work in humans? According to Jamie Davies, a professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, in about 10 years, were having a technology ready for common use in the case of kidneys or hearts in
However, the fact is that this figure is very variable, depending on the organ in question, but so far already achieved bladder, liver, heart, kidney, cornea , pancreas
... means that we are in the right direction and possibly those deadlines for some bodies could be reduced. This conference Anthony Atala, "creator of the artificial bladder," explains in a very illustrative and easy the whole process necessary for the creation of organs.
Más información . Nature Medicine 14, 213 to 221 (2008). Published online: 13 January 2008 through stem cell
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The future of biomedicine and artificial organs
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